Synonym:Protasparagus laricinus (Burch.) South Africa is recognised as one of the countries in the world with the richest biodiversity The main contents of the plant are carbohydrates and saponins which have small quantities of flavonoids and tannins. However, not all pharmacological activity of those isolated compounds was done. It is now distributed in Eastern Africa, Asia, Europe, Northern and Southern America [48]. Asparagus officinalis L.is a perennial herb which grows to a height of between 60 and 150 cm. HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM. Despite its enormous development in the world context, Nepal was still found lagging behind its existence. For example, it is estimated that between 8000 and 20,000 people die every year in South Africa due to the fact that these medicinal plants are used incorrectly [7, 8]. This corroborated with the findings by Hafizur et al. Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessopaqueous and ethanoic leaf structures were screened for their antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes, Clostridium perfringensand Salmonella typhimurium. They are still being used for these purposes. The main active sections of Asparagus racemosus Willd.are steroidal saponins (Shatavarins I–IV), which are the phytoestrogen compounds which are present in the roots of this plant [66, 67, 68, 69]. The leaves further had flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and carbohydrates. Historically, plants were used for numerous purposes for mankind in general, inter alia, feeding and catering, culinary spices, medicine, various forms of cosmetics, symbols in worship and for a variety of ornamental goods. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? A novel oligospirostanosid 1,3-O-[α-l-3-rhamnopyronosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyronosyl(1 → 4)-O-β-d-glycopyranosyl]25(S)-5β-Spirostan-3β-ol also known as immunoside was isolated, and it was biologically evaluated as an immunomodulatory agent [71]. Aqueous and butanol fractions displayed less prominent effects on the release of, especially at lower glucose concentration [97]. Someone in the family would die if that were done. It was also shown that flavonoids which are known to have an ability to inhibit microbial growth also scavenge antioxidants. Medicinal Properties of Selected Asparagus Species: A Review, Phytochemicals in Human Health, Venketeshwer Rao, Dennis Mans and Leticia Rao, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87048. So many active chemical constituents were isolated and identified. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Another possibility is that active compounds from the roots were present and these were missed during the phytochemical screening of this plant. Based on the present findings, the existing literature still presents some breaches about the mechanism of action of various constituents of these plants, and their relation to other plant compounds in poly-herbal formulations, as well as their long-term use and safety. The 8-methoxy-5,6,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone, a new isoflavone, was separated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd.by Saxena and Chaurasia [70]. Asparagus is a delicious vegetable that is also utilized as a medicinal herb. Tags: Diuretic, Dropsy, Rheumatism, Scrofula, Spleen, Copyright © 2021 | First Mag designed by Themes4WP. Chemical constituents of Asparagus officinalis L.contain steroid saponins including asparagosides A, B, D, F, Ge3w2q H, I, the bitter steroid saponins, amino acids, fructans (asparagose and asparagosine), ferulic acid and flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin) [36, 49, 50]. The toxicological study of the roots of Asparagus laricinus Burch.confirmed that the plant extract did not cause any harm in vivoand can thus be considered as non-toxic. The taking in of asparagus alleviated some clinical symptoms (stool consistency, stool blood, and spleen hypertrophy) during active colitis. There have been some medicinal uses. Salads, hearty soups, and olive oil dishes are preferred by many people in many countries. It has thick swollen root stock. Medicinal Plants of China Publication Author Duke. Medicinal Uses. Ayurvedic (Indian traditional medicines database) literature considers it a strong drug which can improve memory intelligence and physical strength and maintain youthfulness [48, 80]. According to Davids et al. Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessopis a delicate, fern-like perennial plant which has arching stems which grow up to 1 m long and have a scrambling habit. This review article was aimed to provide an organized summary of current studies on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological and toxicological studies of Asparagus laricinus Burch., Asparagus africanus Lam., Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus racemosus Willd., and Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop to attain and establish new insights for further researches. Up to 60% of the South African population consults one of an estimated 200,000 traditional healers in rural areas [6]. Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah Mfengwana and Samson Sitheni Mashele (August 9th 2019). The aqueous leaves extract of Asparagus laricinus Burch.produced significant activity as an antioxidant, and this could be due to the presence of ferulic acid; and as it is a known to protect cells from oxidative stress. Tuberous roots of the plant are the parts used [65]. While antitumor activity was reported on the mammary carcinogenesis only, more research using other cell lines is required to explore the antitumor and anticancer activity of this plant root’s extract. Oberm. Three steroidal saponins, which are the most probable components of estrogen, have been separated from the roots of Asparagus africanus Lam. Synonym:Protasparagus africanus(Lam.) No literature was found on the correlation or link of phytochemical active compounds and pharmacological activity of this particular plant. Shatavarin IV is a glycoside of sarsasapogenin having two molecules of rhamnose and one molecule of glucose. E. S. Publisher Reference Publications, Inc. Year 1985 ISBN 0-917256-20-4 Description Details of over 1,200 medicinal plants of China and brief details of their uses. Another strange belief was that if asparagus root were worn as an amulet (for what purpose?) The healing qualities of Asparagus racemosus Willd.are useful to a wide array of ailments. *Address all correspondence to: smashele@cut.ac.za, Edited by Venketeshwer Rao, Dennis Mans and Leticia Rao. Surya et al. They repressed the growth of human leukemia HL-60 cells in culture and macromolecular synthesis in a manner which promoted dose-dependence. The genus Asparagus is an herbaceous plant comprising approximately 150 species around the world, and consisting of herbs, shrubs and vines. Himachal Pradesh is ⦠[30]. Studies have claimed that Asparagus officinalis L.has other pharmacological effects which were not reported as ethnobotanical uses of this plant, such as anti-fatigue effects, enhanced anoxia tolerance, induced analgesia and improved memory, as well as the decreased contents of lipid peroxide in plasma, liver and brains of the rats. These flowers are fragrant and attract insects and birds. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. During in vitrostudies on extracts from the root of Asparagus africanus Lam., it has been found that they can be used as a counter activity against four different malaria schizont strains [32]. Only the preliminary phytochemical screening was performed on the crude extract of this plant, but no deeper research has been done on the activity of this plant in order to confirm its ethnobotanical claims as a plant used to treat thrush, ulcers in the mouth as well as for HIV. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. However, the exposure duration was not long enough. Only preliminary screening of phytochemicals was done on crude extracts. The roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd.have been described as bitter-sweet, emollient, cooling, nervine tonics, preventing constipation, and may be used as an aphrodisiac, diuretic, carminative and antiseptic [82]. © 2019 The Author(s). Therefore, innumerable opportunities and possibilities for investigation are still available in novel areas of these plants for future research stud¬ies. Roots and seeds have been used as a treatment for various illnesses and as a diuretic, despite the lack of clinical evidence. Asparagus racemosus (satavar, shatavari, or shatamull, shatawari) is a species of asparagus common throughout India and the Himalayas. In addition, the aqueous extracts have quinones, An infusion of the plant leaves is used to treat thrush and ulcers in the mouth, for abdominal pains, as a tonic to boost immunity, as a cleansing agent to rid the body of “poison” and “dirty blood”, Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, South Africa, Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Central University of Technology, South Africa. The antibacterial potential of the ethanolic extracts was determined against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureusand Bacillus cereus, and the activity was seen only on Escherichia coli, while there was no antimicrobial activity in the same concentration against other tested pathogenic bacteria [61]. Asparagus officinalis L.is believed to have laxative, diuretic and contraceptive effects, and as a remedy for neuritis, rheumatism, cancer, toothache relieve, face acne lesion, as well as to stimulate hair growth [55]. Asparagus racemosus is mainly known f ⦠Root aqueous extract showed an indirect mutagenic effect toward TA102 after metabolic activation, but not in TA97, TA98 and TA100. They do not have true leaves at all, but these are actually cladodes which may actually be modified branches, while the spines are formed from modified branches or from modified leaves. It is estimated that three quarters of the world of mankind relies on herbal and traditional medicine as a basis for primary healthcare [4]. On the other hand, dreaming of it growing, is a sign of good fortune. It can be concluded that all selected Asparagus species have tremendous potential to improve human health and the pharmacological activities of these plants can be attributed to bioactive phytochemicals they possess. Both leaves and roots extracts showed the presence of saponins. : indole-3-carbinol, α-sitosterol and ferulic acid. Numerous specific chemical constituents of this plant are used in different pharmaceutical formulations have raised its demand. The use of asparagus was recorded before the time of Christ. However, only the female plants produce berries. of Medicinal Plants. Thrust and ulcers in the mouth associated with HIV may also be treated by this plant. The roots of this plant are traditionally used for the relief of pain, rheumatism and chronic gout, hematuria, hemorrhoids, headache, backache, stomach pain, sore throat and otitis. Asparagus racemosus Willd.has been used traditionally for ages as a female reproductive tonic as it prevents abortion and promotes the health of the mother and growing fetus when used in antenatal care. It has myriads of tiny white, nectar-rich flowers that develop during spring and summer. Secondary metabolites produced by plants for plant protection do not only benefit plants, but they also have health benefits for human beings. Asparagus species are naturally distributed along Asia, Africa, and Europe and are known to have numerous biological properties. It was discovered that between 12 and 15 million South Africans still rely on more than 700 indigenous types of plants for the supply of their traditional herbal medicines [5]. It... Distribution and Medicinal Usage Sophora flavescens, (Kurara) belongs to the family Leguminosae and is distributed in Mongolia, the eastern part of Russia, China, Korea, and... From Herb to Medicine: Forms of Herbal Products. Three steroidal saponins were isolated from the roots of Asparagus africanus Lam.[31]. Stauntonia hexaphylla (Lardizabalaceae, Japanese name mube) () is widely distributed in thickets in lowlands and foothills in warmer regions of Japan, Korea and China. Its botanical species name, âofficinalisâ, indicates its recognition as an official therapeutic herb. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Intensive research has been performed on the active compounds from this plant. Two compounds namely 2 beta-, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-(25R)-spirosta-4, 7-dien-3-one, lignan (+)-nyasol, and (Z)-(+)-4,4-(3-ethenyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl) bisphenol) were isolated by Oketch-Rabah et al. and Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth)Jessop) were evaluated for their historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. By Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah Mfengwana and Samson Sitheni Mashele, Submitted: March 13th 2019Reviewed: May 24th 2019Published: August 9th 2019, Home > Books > Phytochemicals in Human Health. The tubers are eaten as a sweetmeat. This is a main reason why Asparagus laricinus Burch.is used in traditional medicine. The extract was non-mutagenic towards all strains, had moderate inhibitory effect on TA100, and had low inhibitory effects on TA102 and TA97 [7]. Thus, this plant should not be used during pregnancy because of the possibility of unintentionally abortion. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Asparagus, or garden asparagus, folk name sparrow grass, scientific name Asparagus officinalis, is a perennial flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus. Flowers are wide (4–6 mm), 6-lobed, perianth regular with a whitish–greenish yellow. The roots of the plants are extensive which contain numerous grape sized tubers. Summary of phytochemicals, mode of action and the role of selected asparagus species in human health. The ability of the crude extract of this plant as an antibacterial agent was confirmed, and findings supported the use of this plant against infections. Leaf extracts further showed positive antibacterial activity on S. aureus, S. saprophyticus, E. cloacaeand B. subtilis. (Asparagaceae) is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. ABSTRACT: Asparagus racemosus, a climbing Ayurvedic plant, is known for its numerous activities such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, angina, dysmenorrhea, anxiety disorders, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), leucorrhoea and urinary tract infections. Synonyms:Indeevari, Sukshamapatra, Bahusuta, Shatmooli, Narayani, Bhiru, Virya, Madabhanjani, Shatpadi, Shatvirya. Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. The plant was reported to have anticancer activity. The aerial stems or spears arising from rhizomes are consumed as a vegetable. The available literature was especially studied for historical, etymological, morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Asparagus laricinus Burch., Asparagus africanus Lam., Asparagus officinalis L., Asparagus racemosusand Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop. However, it was found that the Ames test, without S9 (liver extract of a rat, hamster or human) metabolic activation, could only detect direct mutagens, while S9 metabolic activation allowed the detection of indirect mutagens which were mostly caused by conjugation reactions of metabolic oxidation systems. Free radical scavenging molecules such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, amines, vitamins and other metabolites have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral activities [22]. medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. It may be that the presence of other active compounds somehow affected the ability of tannins by neutralizing their activity in the aqueous root’s extracts. The genus Asparagus racemosus includes about 300 species around the globe. These compounds result in antimicrobial medicines [16], anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer drugs, and plant-based anti-oxidants. Their roots are traditionally used for: the relief of pain, rheumatism and chronic gout, hematuria, hemorrhoids, headache, backache, stomach pain, sore throat and otitis. How? However, ethanol roots extract only showed the presence of tannins while the aqueous roots extract showed a number of active phytochemicals. This plant also increases lactation and is useful for the treatment of gynecological diseases when used in postnatal care [64]. It was found that a callus culture derived from the root explants However, A1 was identified as cyanidin 3-[3″-(O-beta-d-gluco pyranosyl)-6″-(O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-O-beta-dglucopyranoside], while A2 was recognized to be cyanidin 3-rutinoside, which was found to be in higher plants [48]. Using the Ames test on Salmonella typhimuriumstrains: TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 without any metabolic activation, Mashele and Fuku [25] evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of the aqueous root’s extracts of this plant. Cytotoxicity activity on Vero cells was also elucidated. Further it may be used as a cleansing agent to rid the body of “poison” and “dirty blood”. The plant was distributed in Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, Western Siberia and Northern Africa. Over exploitation coupled with inadequate cultivation and unsatisfactory attempts for its [72], isolated a new antioxidant compound named Racemofuran, together with known compounds asparagamine A and racemosol. They are used to treat tuberculosis, sores, red water, uterine infection, general alignments, umbilical cord inflammation, and serve as a diuretic. Mechanism of action of the active compounds from this plant and human trials are required, as different metabolic reactions in humans may influence the activity of the compound. Other pharmacological effects of Asparagus officinalis L.were anti-fatigue effects, enhanced anoxia tolerance, induced analgesia and improved memory, and decreased the prevalence of lipid peroxide in plasma, liver and brains of the rats [62]. The focus of many anti-infective drugs as well as alternative sources of antimalarial agents in various parts of the world has been on the use of medicinal plants [36, 37, 38].
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